Abstract
The article discusses the main directions of Chinese investment in the countries of Central Asia, as well as the prospects for cooperation between these countries. The role of China in the development of the modern economy is steadily increasing, and therefore the vector of investment cooperation with this country is one of the fundamental ones for the countries of Central Asia, which, in addition, are China’s neighbors. For China, which has a very limited supply of natural resources, these countries, rich in oil, gas, and other resources, are becoming of strategic importance.
Purpose of the study: based on a study of sources and historiographic materials, to consider the investment policy of the People's Republic of China in the Central Asian region at the beginning of the 21st century.
Research materials: the work is based on the study and analysis of statistical materials and historiographic literature.
Research results and scientific novelty: it was revealed that China’s investment policy in 5 independent Central Asian republics – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan, which arose in the post-Soviet space in 1991 after the collapse of the USSR, took place in three chronological stages - from the formation of independent Central Asian states in 1991 to today. These stages reflected the process of changing the role and place of the Central Asian region in China's foreign policy and corresponded to the 3 stages of economic policy pursued by Beijing in this region.
The study shows the systematic, large-scale, and long-term nature of China's investment policy in Central Asia, pursuing both current commercial and strategic goals; the interests of Beijing's financial activity in this region have been identified; possible challenges that the Chinese “offensive” poses to the Central Asian republics are formulated. The results obtained are important for understanding the nature of Central Asian-Chinese relations at the beginning of the 21st century and make it possible to develop recommendations to prevent the transformation of the Central Asian states into a raw materials appendage of China and a springboard for the Celestial Empire and the implementation of more effective economic policies by the countries of the region.
References
Abubakirova D.B. China’s interests in Central Asia within the framework of the “One Belt – One Road” initiative // Post-Soviet Studies, 2021. Vol. 4. No. 4. – P. 285-295.
Akmadi M.A. Initiative “One Belt - One Road” in the countries of Central Asia // Bulletin of KazNU named after. Al Farabi. Series “Psychology and Sociology”, 2020, No. 2 (73). – P. 141-148.
Bulatov A. S. World economy and international economic relations. Full course - Moscow: KNORUS, 2017 - 916 p.
Vasiliev E.A. On the current state of political and economic cooperation between China and the states of Central Asia. China in world and regional politics. //History and modernity, 2016, No. 21. - P. 46-56.
Vinokurov E., Akhunbayev A., Babajanyan V., Berdigulova A., Zaboev A., Kuznetsov A., Malakhov A., Pereboev V., Usmanov N., Fedorov K., Kharitonchik A. The Economy of Central Asia: a new look. Reports and working papers 22/3. - Almaty, Bishkek, Moscow: Eurasian Development Bank, 2022. – 99 p.
Vorobyov A. More than one path: the interests of the PRC and the Russian Federation in Central Asia //Expert online, 2017 //http://expert.ru/2017/07/3/kitaj-i-tsentralnaya-aziya/
Glinkina S.P., Turaeva M.O., Yakovlev A.A. Chinese strategy for the development of the post-Soviet space and the fate of the Eurasian Union: Report. – M.: Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016. – 59 p.
Grozin A.V. China's foreign economic policy in Central Asia: achievements and problems in the energy sector // Geoeconomics of Energy, 2022. Vol.18. No. 2. – P. 35-61.
Zakharov A.N., Rusak N.A. Energy security strategy of the PRC - foreign trade aspect // Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. – 2017. - No. 10. – P. 25-30.
Zakhvatov A. Cooperation between Tajikistan and China is developing according to the Chinese scenario //Dialog. Tajikistan and the World, 2014.
Ignatieva A. Turkmenistan discusses with China the construction project of the 4th line of the Turkmenistan-China gas pipeline. Date of publication: 07.01.2023. // https://neftegaz.ru/news
Gross inflow of direct investment in Kazakhstan from foreign direct investors (breakdown by residents' types of economic activities /countries/ regions of Kazakhstan). Date of publication: 02.10.2023 //https://www.nationalbank.kz/kz/news
Kasenova N. New international donor: Chinese assistance to Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. – Paris.: French Institute of International Relations, 2009. – 160 p.
Kaukenov A. Relations between China and Kazakhstan in new geopolitical conditions //CABAR.asia. – 02.18.2015.
China has become the largest foreign investor in Uzbekistan //Sputnik Agency. – Tashkent, 05.18.2017.
Kuznetsov A., Vinokurov E., Malakhov A., Zaboev A. Monitoring of mutual investments of the EDB - 2022. Reports and working papers 22/5. - Moscow: Eurasian Development Bank, 2022. – 41 p.
Maltseva O.A. Senyuk N.Yu., Schreiber N.K., Hart E.K. Comparative analysis of the investment policies of Russia and China in Central Asia (2009-2020) // International Business, 2022. Vol. 2. - No. 10. – P. 25-30.
Nasser Sagafi Ameri – Sayyid Nagizade. «Pipeline line policy». Signs of strategic conflicts in the Caspian Sea basin //Amu-Darya. The Iranian Journal for the Study of Central Asia and the Caucasus. – 1999. - No. 3. – P. 26-44.
Ogutchu Mehmed. Energy policy. China and Central Asia //Kazakhstan, 2007, No. 3. – P. 20-35.
Panfilova V. China occupies a niche of the USA in Uzbekistan. //Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 08/20/14.
Paramonov V., Strokov A., Stolpovsky O. Stages of China's economic policy in Central Asia // Central Asia and the Caucasus, 2010. Vol. 13, issue 1. – P. 120-140.
Syroezhkin K. Geopolitical projects in Central Asia and the role of Kazakhstan // CABAR.asia . – 30.03.2016.
Chufrin G.I. China's investment offensive in Central Asia //Economic Review, 2015, No. 4. – P. 54-68.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.